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Tafsir: Al-Ma'idah 5:106

5:106
يا ايها الذين امنوا شهادة بينكم اذا حضر احدكم الموت حين الوصية اثنان ذوا عدل منكم او اخران من غيركم ان انتم ضربتم في الارض فاصابتكم مصيبة الموت تحبسونهما من بعد الصلاة فيقسمان بالله ان ارتبتم لا نشتري به ثمنا ولو كان ذا قربى ولا نكتم شهادة الله انا اذا لمن الاثمين ١٠٦
يَـٰٓأَيُّهَا ٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُوا۟ شَهَـٰدَةُ بَيْنِكُمْ إِذَا حَضَرَ أَحَدَكُمُ ٱلْمَوْتُ حِينَ ٱلْوَصِيَّةِ ٱثْنَانِ ذَوَا عَدْلٍۢ مِّنكُمْ أَوْ ءَاخَرَانِ مِنْ غَيْرِكُمْ إِنْ أَنتُمْ ضَرَبْتُمْ فِى ٱلْأَرْضِ فَأَصَـٰبَتْكُم مُّصِيبَةُ ٱلْمَوْتِ ۚ تَحْبِسُونَهُمَا مِنۢ بَعْدِ ٱلصَّلَوٰةِ فَيُقْسِمَانِ بِٱللَّهِ إِنِ ٱرْتَبْتُمْ لَا نَشْتَرِى بِهِۦ ثَمَنًۭا وَلَوْ كَانَ ذَا قُرْبَىٰ ۙ وَلَا نَكْتُمُ شَهَـٰدَةَ ٱللَّهِ إِنَّآ إِذًۭا لَّمِنَ ٱلْـَٔاثِمِينَ ١٠٦
يَٰٓأَيُّهَا
ٱلَّذِينَ
ءَامَنُواْ
شَهَٰدَةُ
بَيۡنِكُمۡ
إِذَا
حَضَرَ
أَحَدَكُمُ
ٱلۡمَوۡتُ
حِينَ
ٱلۡوَصِيَّةِ
ٱثۡنَانِ
ذَوَا
عَدۡلٖ
مِّنكُمۡ
أَوۡ
ءَاخَرَانِ
مِنۡ
غَيۡرِكُمۡ
إِنۡ
أَنتُمۡ
ضَرَبۡتُمۡ
فِي
ٱلۡأَرۡضِ
فَأَصَٰبَتۡكُم
مُّصِيبَةُ
ٱلۡمَوۡتِۚ
تَحۡبِسُونَهُمَا
مِنۢ
بَعۡدِ
ٱلصَّلَوٰةِ
فَيُقۡسِمَانِ
بِٱللَّهِ
إِنِ
ٱرۡتَبۡتُمۡ
لَا
نَشۡتَرِي
بِهِۦ
ثَمَنٗا
وَلَوۡ
كَانَ
ذَا
قُرۡبَىٰ
وَلَا
نَكۡتُمُ
شَهَٰدَةَ
ٱللَّهِ
إِنَّآ
إِذٗا
لَّمِنَ
ٱلۡأٓثِمِينَ
١٠٦
O believers! When death approaches any of you, call upon two just Muslim men to witness as you make a bequest; otherwise, two non-Muslims if you are afflicted with death while on a journey.1 If you doubt ˹their testimony˺, keep them after prayer and let them testify under oath ˹saying˺, “By Allah! We would never sell our testimony for any price, even in favour of a close relative, nor withhold the testimony of Allah. Otherwise, we would surely be sinful.”
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If a man is on a journey and he senses that the time of his death is approaching, he should seek out two Muslims and hand over his personal possessions to them with proper instructions about bequeathing them to his inheritors. If he cannot find two Muslims in time, he should do likewise with two non-Muslims. These two persons should bring his possessions and hand them over to his heirs. At that time, if the inheritors have any doubts about the statement of the witnesses, they (the latter) should be detained in a mosque and should be made to take an oath before the general body of Muslims, which will testify that whatever they have said on behalf of the deceased was correct. If the inheritors are not satisfied with the statement on oath of the witnesses, then two of the inheritors should take an oath to that effect. Thereafter, a decision should be taken in accordance with their declaration. The giving of this right to the inheritors amounts to the establishment of a check, due to which no one will dare to commit a breach of trust.