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Mahmoud Khaleel Al-Husary

Tafseer ibn Kathir

Zakaria Abulsalam

زکریا ابوالسلام

Taisirul Quran

তায়সিরুল কুরআন

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Dr. Abu Bakr Muhammad Zakaria

Imām Ibn al-Jawzī (d. 597/1201) summarized the scholars' opinions in his book "Zād al-Masīr" as follows:

1. It is to believe in the Prophet (ﷺ). This is the opinion of those who said they are Jews.
2. It is to act consistently with their claimed belief. This is the opinion of those who said they are hypocrites.

What is the belief (*īmān*) that they are being called to have in this verse?

Imām Ibn al-Jawzī (d. 597 AH / 1201 CE) summarized the scholars' opinions in his book "Zād al-Masīr" as follows:

The speakers have been identified as:

1. The companions of the Prophet (ﷺ) in general. [Ibn ʿAbbās]
2. Specific individuals, namely *Saʿd ibn Muʿādh*, *Abū Lubābah*, and *Usayd*. [*Muqātil*]

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The ones spoken to were either:

1. The Jews. [Ibn ʿAbbās and *Muqātil*]
2. The hypocrites. [*Mujāhid* and Ibn Zayd]

Who are the ones speaking, and the ones spoken to in this verse?

Imām Ibn al-Jawzī (d. 597/1201) summarized the scholars' opinions in his book "Zād al-Masīr" as follows:

1. All the companions. [Ibn ʿAbbās]
2. ʿAbd Allāh ibn Salām and those Jews who embraced Islām along with him. [Muqātil]
3. Muʿādh ibn Jabal, Saʿd ibn Muʿādh, Usayd ibn Ḥuḍayr, and a group of the notables of the Anṣār enumerated by al-Kalbī.

Whom does "the people" (*al-nās*) refer to in this verse?

Imām Ibn al-Jawzī (d. 597 AH / 1201 CE) summarized the scholars' opinions in his book "Zād al-Masīr" as follows:

1. All the Companions. [Ibn ʿAbbās]
2. Women and children. [Al-Ḥasan] 
3. ʿAbd Allāh ibn Salām and his fellow converts from Judaism. [Muqātil]

Whom were the hypocrites calling "the fools" (*al-sufahāʾ*)?

Imām Ibn al-Jawzī (d. 597 AH / 1201 CE) summarized the scholars' opinions in his book "Zād al-Masīr" as follows:

1. They were referring to the religion of Islām. [Ibn ʿAbbās, al-Suddī]
2. They were referring to belief in the resurrection and recompense. [Mujāhid]
3. They criticized the open enmity between the two groups without consideration of consequences. 

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The first interpretation is based on the critics being Jews. The second and third interpretation are based on the critics being hypocrites.

What do they mean by criticising the faith (*īmān*) of those they have described as "fools"?