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Tafsir: Ali 'Imran 3:159

3:159
فبما رحمة من الله لنت لهم ولو كنت فظا غليظ القلب لانفضوا من حولك فاعف عنهم واستغفر لهم وشاورهم في الامر فاذا عزمت فتوكل على الله ان الله يحب المتوكلين ١٥٩
فَبِمَا رَحْمَةٍۢ مِّنَ ٱللَّهِ لِنتَ لَهُمْ ۖ وَلَوْ كُنتَ فَظًّا غَلِيظَ ٱلْقَلْبِ لَٱنفَضُّوا۟ مِنْ حَوْلِكَ ۖ فَٱعْفُ عَنْهُمْ وَٱسْتَغْفِرْ لَهُمْ وَشَاوِرْهُمْ فِى ٱلْأَمْرِ ۖ فَإِذَا عَزَمْتَ فَتَوَكَّلْ عَلَى ٱللَّهِ ۚ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ يُحِبُّ ٱلْمُتَوَكِّلِينَ ١٥٩
فَبِمَا
رَحۡمَةٖ
مِّنَ
ٱللَّهِ
لِنتَ
لَهُمۡۖ
وَلَوۡ
كُنتَ
فَظًّا
غَلِيظَ
ٱلۡقَلۡبِ
لَٱنفَضُّواْ
مِنۡ
حَوۡلِكَۖ
فَٱعۡفُ
عَنۡهُمۡ
وَٱسۡتَغۡفِرۡ
لَهُمۡ
وَشَاوِرۡهُمۡ
فِي
ٱلۡأَمۡرِۖ
فَإِذَا
عَزَمۡتَ
فَتَوَكَّلۡ
عَلَى
ٱللَّهِۚ
إِنَّ
ٱللَّهَ
يُحِبُّ
ٱلۡمُتَوَكِّلِينَ
١٥٩
It is out of Allah’s mercy that you ˹O Prophet˺ have been lenient with them. Had you been cruel or hard-hearted, they would have certainly abandoned you. So pardon them, ask Allah’s forgiveness for them, and consult with them in ˹conducting˺ matters. Once you make a decision, put your trust in Allah. Surely Allah loves those who trust in Him.
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You are reading a tafsir for the group of verses 3:159 to 3:160

The gentle way the Prophet is asked to deal with the believers (in this context those who had disobeyed him in quitting their posts, incurring defeat in the battle) is equally essential in any Muslim leader. Moderation is indispensable for him. This lenient attitude is required not only in normal, daily life but also in dealings between Muslims and non-Muslims, even where, due to the disobedience of certain people, a victory turns into a defeat. Unless the leader shows broad-mindedness and high thinking, a powerful polity cannot be established. Mistakes, however grave their outcome, if committed without any evil intention, are pardonable. The leader, therefore, should overlook this type of error while dealing with people. He should be such a great well-wisher of his people that he should pray to God for their guidance. Indeed, the good leader so values his people that he takes decisions on matters of importance only after consulting them.