French

KFGQPC HAFS

Mahmoud Khaleel Al-Husary

Ibn Kathir (Abridged)

Muhammad Hamidullah

English

Imām Ibn al-Jawzī (d. 597/1201) summarized the scholars' opinions in his book "Zād al-Masīr" as follows: 

1. It refers to the *Tawrāt*. [Majority] 
2. It refers to the Qurʾān. Based on this view, this address would not be directed towards the Jews.

What does "the Book" refer to in this āyah?

Imām Ibn al-Jawzī (d. 597/1201) summarized the scholars' opinions in his book "Zād al-Masīr" as follows: 

1. It refers to adhering to their book; they commanded others to follow it yet did not adhere to it themselves. 
2. It refers to following Muḥammad (ﷺ). [Ibn ʿAbbās]
3. It refers to charity; they encouraged it but were stingy themselves. [Al-Zajjāj]

What is meant by "righteousness" (*birr*) in this āyah?