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Tafsir: Muhammad 47:20

ويقول الذين امنوا لولا نزلت سورة فاذا انزلت سورة محكمة وذكر فيها القتال رايت الذين في قلوبهم مرض ينظرون اليك نظر المغشي عليه من الموت فاولى لهم ٢٠

وَيَقُولُ ٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُوا۟ لَوْلَا نُزِّلَتْ سُورَةٌۭ ۖ فَإِذَآ أُنزِلَتْ سُورَةٌۭ مُّحْكَمَةٌۭ وَذُكِرَ فِيهَا ٱلْقِتَالُ ۙ رَأَيْتَ ٱلَّذِينَ فِى قُلُوبِهِم مَّرَضٌۭ يَنظُرُونَ إِلَيْكَ نَظَرَ ٱلْمَغْشِىِّ عَلَيْهِ مِنَ ٱلْمَوْتِ ۖ فَأَوْلَىٰ لَهُمْ ٢٠

وَيَقُولُ

ٱلَّذِينَ

ءَامَنُواْ

لَوۡلَا

نُزِّلَتۡ

سُورَةٞۖ

فَإِذَآ

أُنزِلَتۡ

سُورَةٞ

مُّحۡكَمَةٞ

وَذُكِرَ

فِيهَا

ٱلۡقِتَالُ

رَأَيۡتَ

ٱلَّذِينَ

فِي

قُلُوبِهِم

مَّرَضٞ

يَنظُرُونَ

إِلَيۡكَ

نَظَرَ

ٱلۡمَغۡشِيِّ

عَلَيۡهِ

مِنَ

ٱلۡمَوۡتِۖ

فَأَوۡلَىٰ

لَهُمۡ

٢٠

And the believers say, “If only a sûrah was revealed ˹allowing self-defence˺!” Yet when a precise sûrah is revealed, in which fighting is ˹explicitly˺ mentioned, you see those with sickness in their hearts staring at you like someone in the throes of death. It would have been better for them

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You are reading a tafsir for the group of verses 47:20 to 47:21

Commentary

سُورَ‌ةٌ مُّحْكَمَةٌ (an operative surah): The word مُّحْكَمَةٌ muhkamah lexically means "firm". In this lexical sense, every surah is muhkam, but here it is used in its technical sense. In the technical parlance of the sacred law, the term muhkam is used as an antonym of mansukh, ("abrogated" ). Here the word Surah has been qualified by the adjective muhkamah so that the eagerness of the believers for a new Surah is understandable only when it embodies an operative divine commandment that is not abrogated. Qatadah, says that all Surahs which contain the injunctions of Jihad and Qital are operative and not abrogated. As the main objective of this Surah is to enjoin fighting and to persuade people to carry out the injunction, the adjectival phrase is: Surah muhkamah - indicating the injunction of Jihad. (Qurtubi)

أَوْلَىٰ لَهُمْ (So, destruction is very close to them - 47:20] The Arabic word used in the text, according to Asma'i, means that the causes of destruction have approached or drawn near to them (Qurtubi).