English

KFGQPC HAFS

Mahmoud Khaleel Al-Husary

Ibn Kathir (Abridged)

Malak Faris Abdalsalaam

Imām Ibn al-Jawzī (d. 597 AH / 1201 CE) summarized the scholars' opinions in his book "Zād al-Masīr" as follows:

1. They will not return from their misguidance. [Qatādah and Muqātil] 
2. They will not return to Islām. [Al-Suddī] 
3. They will not return from their deafness, muteness, and blindness. The act of "returning" was attributed to them because they turned away by their own choice, due to the dominance of their desires over seeking guidance through the means available to them. They were not actually deaf or dumb, but because they turned away from hearing the truth and espousing it, they were like the deaf and mute.

What is meant by saying that "they will not return"?

Imām Ibn al-Jawzī (d. 597 AH / 1201 CE) summarized the scholars' opinions in his book "Zād al-Masīr" as follows:

1. People who are mute, unable to speak. [Muqātil, Abū ʿUbayd, and Ibn Fāris]
2. *Bakam* (the verbal noun) means a defect in the tongue that prevents speech (rather than complete muteness). It has also been suggested: muteness is a result of this defect. [Mentioned by ʿAlī ibn ʿUbayd Allāh]
3. It means a defect in the heart that prevents one from comprehending and understanding anything. Thus they were corrupt in their ability both to understand and to speak. [Mentioned by ʿAlī ibn ʿUbayd Allāh]

What is the linguistic meaning of *"bukm"*?